asyaratunkamilah

Unit 13
 

Section One

Activity 1: Sharing ideas


Imagine you are working in the science laboratory.
Who is responsible for safety in the laboratory?
Discuss with your friends.


Make a list of:
A. what you should do in the laboratory.
B. what you should not do in the laboratory.


Activity 2: Reading

Read the text carefully. Then answer the questions that follow.



All the students in the science laboratory are very busy today. They are doing their practical work. They have to follow safety regulations when working in the laboratory. There is a notice saying “Safety First”.
Look at Anita. She is going to do an experiment. She has set up her apparatus. She is ready to begin. Wahyu is busy, too. He has drawn a diagram of the apparatus that he is going to set up for his experiment. Now he is going to set it up and begin his experiment too.
The students are studying Biology. Biology is the science of living things. Diana has made a drawing of the skeleton of a toad, and she is going to put a label on the skeleton. Joko has dissected a rat. He has put a specimen of rat tissue on a glass slide and is going to look at it through a microscope. He is handling the microscope with care.
Two of the students are helping the science teacher. They are cleaning out the cupboard. They have taken out all the bottles. When they have wiped them they are going to put clean labels on them. Labeling plays an important part in laboratory work. When they have done this, they are going to put the bottles back on the shelves. 
Questions:
1. Where are the students?
2. Why are they there?
3. What do they have to consider when working in the laboratory?
4. What is Biology?
5. What have they set up their apparatus for?
6. Does a microscope make things look bigger or smaller?
7. Why do we put labels on things?
8. If you take all the skin and flesh from the body of an animal or a fish, what is left?
9. What do you see if you open the laboratory cupboard?
10. Why do the students wipe the bottles before they put them back?


Activity 3: Understanding word meaning


I. Find words in the text that can complete these sentences.

1. A laboratory is a place where students studying science do ___________ work.
2. They do _____________ in the laboratory to prove that what they have learned from their books is correct.
3. They have to set up _____________ to do their experiment.
4. The students are studying _______________.
5. The students have to ______________ the bodies of animals or fishes to study the tissue.
6. They put small ____________ of tissue on glass ___________.
7. Then they study the tissue through a ___________.
8. Bottles of chemical are kept on ___________ in the cupboard.
9. The students who are cleaning the cupboard have to _____________ the bottles before they put them back.
10. They also stick clean __________ on the bottles.

II. Put in the words needed to complete this conversation between Anita and her mother.

Mother : You’re late home from school this afternoon. Why?
Anita : Oh, it’s Thursday, mother. Don’t you remember? We have an extra practical lesson in the ___________ on Thursday afternoons.
Mother : What have you done today?
Anita : I have made a __________ of the ____________ of a rat with all the flesh and skin taken from it.
Mother : How do you know what animal it is when you look at it again?
Anita : I have put a __________ on it.
Mother : What are you going to do next Thursday? Has the teacher told you?
Anita : Yes, he has. Some of us are going to do an __________ to test what we have learned from the book. The others are going to help the teacher to ___________ the bottles in the cupboard with a clean cloth. Then they are going to put new ___________ on the bottles and put them back on the ____________ in the cupboard.
Mother : Are you going to do the ___________ or help the teacher?
Anita : I don’t know. I ___________ tell you that till I come home __________ Thursday.


Section Two


Activity : Understanding laboratory notices














A laboratory is specially designed for you to do observational activities and experiments. Doing observational activities and experiments can be interesting, but also dangerous at the same time. Therefore, laboratory work should be done safely. Read the following notices about safety that you might find in a science laboratory. 



LABORATORY NOTICES


1. 
   


2.



3.




4.






Discuss the meaning of each notice above with your group. 


a. ___________ b. ____________
c. ___________ d. ____________
e. ___________ f. _____________
g. ___________ h. ____________ 


Activity 5


Discuss the meaning of each notice below. Where in the laboratory can you possibly find the notice?




a. ____________________


b. ____________________


c. ____________________



d. ____________________







Section Three

Activity 6: Writing notices

How do you write notices about safety in the science laboratory?
Basically, you can start with a verb. This verb is called imperative verb.
Observe these examples once again. Pay attention to the underlined imperative verbs.
1. Put the equipment back to its original place.
2. Save the energy please. 
3. Handle with care.  
4. Clean thoroughly after use.
5. Avoid direct contact.
6. Keep flammable substances away from fire. 

You can also make notices using negative imperative like in the following examples.
1. Do not taste the substance.
2. Do not expose this directly to the sun.
3. Do not heat the substance directly.
4. Do not inhale the vapour.
5. Do not reuse bottles for different chemical content.
6. Do not touch any electrical device with a wet object or hand.

  Write notices of your own for the following laboratory situations.
1. You want laboratory users to give extra care to the storage room that keeps chemical substances.
_________________________________________________________
2. You want laboratory users to pay attention to procedures of accident prevention.
_________________________________________________________

3. You expect laboratory users to wear goggles when they work with acid or ammonia or when they do a heating activity.
__________________________________________________________

4. You tell laboratory users not to eat, drink, or smoke in the laboratory.
__________________________________________________________

5. You want laboratory users not to throw garbage to water sanitary.
__________________________________________________________

6. You tell laboratory users to label all containers of stored chemicals and disposed chemicals correctly.
__________________________________________________________

7. You expect laboratory users to seal all electrical connections appropriately with tape.
__________________________________________________________

8. You tell laboratory users not to attempt to heat anything in an open flame.
__________________________________________________________

9. You tell laboratory users to follow safety regulations to prevent accidents in the laboratory.
__________________________________________________________

10. You tell laboratory users to wash and dry their hands thoroughly before they leave the laboratory.
__________________________________________________________
 
Activity 7: Following procedures to ensure laboratory safety

I. Fire extinguishers must be available at a laboratory and be placed in a position easily seen and within reach. Rearrange the sentences below to form a good paragraph about what to do in case of fire at the laboratory.

1. First, switch on the alarm.
2. Finally, disconnect all electricity and gas connections.
3. In case of fire, do the following actions.
4. Then, evacuate students to a safe and secured place.
5. Call the fire fighter unit as well.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Electricity is used at home as well as at school. Therefore, we need to know the possible dangers caused by electricity. Rearrange the following sentences to form a good paragraph about some precautions to avoid the danger of electricity.

1. Then, we have to make sure that there is no water source or a wet rubber that connects to the electric source.
2. There are some general rules when working with electrical devices. 
3. First of all, electrical connections have to be made properly.
4. Furthermore, we need to avoid using a “T” device for multiple connections.
5. We should use one outlet for one connection.
6. Finally, in case of an electric shock, everyone should know the first thing to do and not to do.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

Activity 8: Writing about work safety at the school laboratory


Now observe the laboratory at your school. Write paragraphs about your school laboratory by answering these questions.

1. Do you think that the laboratory considers safety?
2. Why do you think so?
3. Who is responsible for the safety?
4. Is the laboratory equipped with safety equipment?
5. Is the storage area proper? 
6. Is labeling done correctly? 
7. Do you find any laboratory notice?
8. Who maintains the laboratory safety? 


Section Four 

In the previous unit, you have read the poem about the moon and twinkle-twinkle little stars. 

Now, read another poem that describes night objects below.
  
Astronomer

On a lone hillside
A Najavo shepherd
Wrapt in his blanket,
Hugged his knees,
Dreamed into the night-
A wisp of crescent, (a wisp of crescent = bulan 
A sky full of stars- sabit yang masih kecil)
In his thought
He was asking:
“Do my lanterns
Shine up to the stars?”
   

David O’Neil


Comprehend the poem by answering the questions below.
1. What is the poem about?
2. Why does the writer choose the title ‘astronomer’ for this poem?
3. Who is the character in the poem?
4. What does the word ‘lanterns’ really mean in the poem?  

Poem is not always long. It can be three or even only two lines. The following poem describes some objects. 



On the beach at night,
Stands a child with her father,
Watching the east, 
the autumn sky.

Walt Whitman




Although the poem is short, it can be interpreted broadly. 
1. Why do they go to the beach at night?
2. Why are there only a father and his daughter?
3. Where is the mother?
4. Why do they face to the east?
5. Why do they go there in autumn?

Tell your interpretation of the poem to the class.
Write your draft here.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 
The next poem is an advice for you. It tells the truth about time.



Time is the school in which we learn,
Time is the fire in which we burn.


Delmore Schwartz



What information can you get from this two-line poem?

What do you think about time?

 

 
Did you know?
  There are 8 planets in the universe. One of them is the earth. The distance between the earth and the sun is 150,000,000,000 metres. We use it as a standard unit called one astronomical unit (AU).

Meter is an SI Unit (La Systeme International d’ unites) while inch is a British unit for length. One inch is approximately 2.5 centimetres.
  
  
 The track of the train bends because of the iron expansion during the summer.

We use calorimetre to measure the specific heat capacity of a substance.